Hello, everyone. Thank you for joining us for today's webinar. Today we are very lucky to have Doctor Otto Sensi.
He's going to talk about the importance of monitoring the peripartal period to increase reproductive performance in dairy cattle. At the end of the webinar, we will have 10 minutes for questions, so please feel free to place your questions in the Q&A box during the webinar. Doctor Otto graduated in veterinary medicine from the University of Science in Budapest, Hungary in 1972.
He became a PhD from the University of Veterinary Science in Budapest in the role of acid-based disturbances in perinatal mortality of calves in 1985. In 1994, he obtained a Dr. Abel certificate and became professor at the.
Of obstetrics and reproduction in the University of Veterinary Science. He then obtained a Doctor of Science degree at the Hungarian Academy of Science in Budapest in diagnosis of early pregnancy and embryonic mortality in the cow and sow in 1999. In 2004, he became a diplomat of the European College of Bovine Health Management from 2001.
To 2013, he was chairman of the large animal clinic in the faculty of Veterinary Science and from 2013 to 2014, he was chairman of the department and clinic for production Animals and since 2019, he has been professor emeritus. Thank you so much for being with us this evening, Doctor Otto. Over to you please for your presentation.
Thank you very much. Thank you very much for your kind introduction. So you are very welcome to join me for this evening.
The outline of my presentation, after all, I may say that We have a special aim in a dairy farm and the special aim is to reach an optimal calving interval. I have different topics in this respect. I would like to give you a very short introduction.
And after this, I would like to talk about the importance of predicting the The onset of calving in dal, importance of diagnosis, postpartum uterine diseases in dal, importance of monitoring postpartum metabolic diseases in daily call. And after this, I would like to talk about the importance of accurate detection in Dairy and importance of determining the time, optimal time for artificial insemination and importance of diagnosing pregnancy and pregnancy loss in daily cold. So first, a short introduction.
It is well known that during the, the last, decades, the milk production was increased and nowadays, we can reach more than 10,000 kilogrammes. And parallel with this, as it is mentioned here by American colleague Professor Butler, parallel with this, the, the fertility rate is decreased. And for that reason, it is very important for us.
To improve our reproductive management work. The other problem At our farm, used to be at our farm that the stillbirth rate is still very high. Stillbirth means loss of a mature calve during calving and in the 1st 24 hours of life, especially if the gas station is longer than 260 days.
I took these slides from the 80s. And here, there are data from Germany, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden, Finland. And you can see that most of the cases, the stillbirth rate changed between 2 to 4%, but there were some exceptions when especially in the case of hefa calving, the, the stillbirth rate was Around 80% or even higher, 8% or even higher.
But this slides is coming from the, the previous . Years from Canada, the Netherlands, New Zealand, United Kingdom, USA, Australia, and here you can see again that the stillbirth rate didn't decrease. Especially in case of heyfair carving.
In almost the cases, it's almost above 8% or even higher, it can be 12% as well. So this is a, a, a real problem. We have, examined them, this problem in our farm and we had 4 different groups.
The first group, we had calls without assistance in individual plan. And the second group, we had There was no assistance, but in, in a group plan. And the third group is We gave the assistance in appropriately timed period.
And in the fourth group, the assistance was given in appropriately timed period, which means that it was about 30% or 30 minutes or less. So here you can see that The prevalence of dyoia, especially In these cases, when, and the obstetric assistance was given too early, was, higher, very high, and especially in these cases, the the severe dystopia, the rate of severe dystopia was very high. On the other hand, in our, first two groups, there was no severe dystopia at all.
We checked the duration of the of the second stage of labour, especially the duration between upping the omnionic sac and birds and helping the fertile hoofs and birds and duration of calving. And here you can see that when the animals were in, in a group pen. It was much lower the, the duration of this period than the other cases.
And it is very important to mention that in our, two groups, the stillbirth rate was very, very low. Especially here, . In individual pan and group pen was very low, and the other two groups was higher.
We checked the, the prevalence of retained fattal membranes. It was also increased in these two groups and the prevalence rate of vaginal laceration. Was also increased in these two groups.
So we may say that, The Assistant Who is taking part in calving assistance. Their work is very important for the dairy farm because this person can destroy everything. Especially in Hungary, we have, large farms, maybe it is not so difficult for your circumstances because, you may not have these large farms, but the average in Hungary is about 500, but we have 1000, 2000, daily costs in a farm as well.
So, we made this examination in a, a dairy farm with about 1000 cows and we checked the The carbon score. Score 0 means that there was no assistance. Score one mean, means that there was only 1 person who was taking part in calming assistance.
Score 2 means that only 2 people and score 33 or more people. And here you can see that the retained fertile membranes, the second column and the clinical metric is the 3rd column. Recurrent matri is the 4th column and the, the clinical endometritis is the 5th column.
And And due to the, the calming assistance. The the prevalence rate of retail fertile membranes, clinical metritis, and recurrent mastritis were increased. However, The, the prevalence rate for clinical endometric test was almost the same for the, for groups.
So, it is very important that the calving assistant plays a very important role in a dairy farm or in any kind of form. So in this respect, we have to deal with the prediction. Of calving in, in a dairy farm.
Especially in large funds. It is very difficult, especially during the day, during the evenings, it is very difficult, to find out, Which is in a a real mechanic. So, we may try to evaluate the clinical signs.
This is the so-called traditional methods. And We may use different clinic signs during the preparatory stage. For example, relaxation of the broad pelvic ligaments, secretion of vagina mucus, physiological hypoplasia.
Of the other edoema of the other feeling of the teeth, relaxation of the tail, ode of the vulva, and we may use this clinical signs that is a score system as well. But the main clinical signs I, I I mentioned it, relaxation of the broad, pelvic ligaments and feeling of the tits. So these are the main important ones.
However, it is not so, so easy. To collect all of these clinical signs and here you can see that even we may say that the threshold for predicting carving is, or not predicting carving less than 4 points. Calving within the next 12 hours could be ruled out with a probability of 99% in costs and about 95.5% in Hers.
And about 98.6% for both, animals. As, in contrast, the probability of predicting calving, within 12 hours in 5% cows was only about 15%.
So, We may say that this is not accurate to predict . carving within 12 hours. We may say that maybe, during that night, .
There is no need for us, . To stay in the band. So in this respect, That would be a solution to measure the body temperature.
Especially the the rector temperature, we may measure the rear temperature. However, in the daily practise, it is almost impossible to, to check, each morning, each after, each evening, the rector temperature, . And for that reason, there are, different sensors and by these sensors, we can measure the vaginal, ventral tail base, surface, ear surface, and reticular ruinal temperature.
Because, we have to know that this was already, described the . Around the, the early 1950s that there is especially before coming, there is a decrease in, in the rectal temperature. However, it is very interesting that the, the The degree of of this decrease is not so high, like in the dock.
In the dog it is much easier because the difference can be 1 or even 1.50s, but not in the coup. So here you can see the last 5 days before calving and The first column showing us the morning temperature and the The second column showing us the evening temperature.
During the evening, the temperature used to be higher, the rector temperature, and by this way, we used to talk about the so-called diurnal rhythm. And According to the rector temperature, especially if the, the cutoff value is around 0.3, as used.
At that time, we may predict carving within 24 hours with about 44 to 70% accuracy. And And non-calving can be predicted by about 86 to 88%. So it is not so accurate after all.
To use the, the reta temperature. There are some possibility for us to use vaginal thermometers to measure vaginal temperature like the phone and other devices, . And here you can see that there is a real decrease in the vaginal temperature just before calving.
Again, within 24 hours, again, using the 0.3 cutoff value. The accuracy can be around 70%.
To To predict carving and non-calving can be predicted with a somewhat higher accuracy between about 81 to 87%. And this figure trying to show us the, the dearth of temperature, . And especially the The lower line showing us the, the last 48 hours .
During this period, the the treat means somewhat lower than before it, . And here we can see the difference between nulliparous and multiparus cause just before carving somewhat lower the, the vaginal temperature in the, in the multiparus cause. After all, Ricci was, suggested, has, suggested to use the intravaginal temperature, 38.2 °C as a cutoff value for predicting carbon within 24 hours because it can be accurate around 86% versus 66%.
So by this way, it can be a little bit Accurate, more accurate than the, the 0.21 says it decrease during the last 24 hours before cal. Usually the thermometers, with this, system, online system, they used to, use the, the cutoff value as 0.2 tuss or 0.3 teus is depending on the circumstances.
We also examined this and we found that. 38.12 says use the mean value between the last 12 hours before calving.
So it seems that maybe this cutoff value, the 38.2 reuss would be a good idea. However, it needs, other examinations as well because I couldn't find the, examination, for this in the literature.
There is a new sink measuring the ventral tail base surface temperature. And This studies coming from Japan. And they use this Sensors for measuring the, the ventralt is surface temperature, .
And here it is very interesting that they used the the residual . Surface temperature, which means that it was calculated, the residual surface temperature was calculated from the actual Harley. Surface temperature minus the mean surface temperature for the same or on the previous 3 days.
And by this film. They were able To rule out the effect of the treatment. And the sensitivity could be increased.
By, the sensitivity was about 85% to credit carving and the specificity was about 72%, and they examined the two farms and similar results were were reached in both farms. There is another ideas to use or measure the earth surface temperature again, sensors can be, can be found. This is an American study just published them and, and they use this, measurements in 4 different, temperature groups, high, medium, high, medium, low, and low temperature, the, the circumstance, .
Outside temperature. And there is surface temperature flow, of course, this outside temperature. And here we can see that in each case, there is some decrease in the earth surface temperature before carving.
However, these studies didn't calculate the sensitivity and specificity at all. The reticular rumina temperature can be measured by this bolus. However, the problem with this bolus is still a little bit too expensive.
And It's difficult to get the results from this bolus because we have to examine each animal. We have to go close to the animal and to get these results. We use this bolus, but this bolus can measure not only the temperature but can measure the pH value as well.
So, We measured the, the, the temperature and found out here are the, the The closed triangles for those animals which had dystonia. And The other group was without dystopia and it seems that we may predict the, the dystoia by this way because the decrease in in Romina temperature was lower than in other cases. However, we had only 8 cases, as I mentioned that it is, this experiment was quite expensive.
And this was also confirmed that here is the right side. You can see that, the changes in the, the ruinna temperature was close to 0. So by this way, can be make some difference between real dystonia and the natural carving.
The other possibility for us to Check the behaviour changes, . There are neck-mounted accelerometers and sensors which can be used . Like by this way, we can measure the eating period in minutes per day.
And here we can see again a different decrease in this period. We can measure rumination time as well. Here is a, a, a decrease as well.
This is our slide as well showing us that in case of dystopia, rumination time Decrease much more than in normal cases. So, that was the, the conclusion of our study that maybe the measuring the pH value and measuring the rumination time, by this way, we may predict the, the, the incidence of dystopia, some hours before carving. And it is possible to measure the resting period as well and octave time as well, and again, activity will be increased, .
During this period, and, I have found that another study, . Using 3 different sensors. And by this way, it was possible to measure line time, number of steps, ruminating time, and travel distance.
They use the neck accelometer, neck accelerometer, localization and These results were mixed using only 2 sensors, 2 different sensors, and all of the sensors. And by this way, when we are using not only 11 sensor, at that time, we can increase, as you can see here in the, in the table, that we can increase the accuracy of predicting carving. The sensitivity means predicting of carving.
And if you are using the 3 sensors at that time, we can reach 85% for accuracy. And about 98% for specificity, which means that The accuracy for predicting non-carving is almost 100%. We may use activity monitoring video camera as well.
And especially for behaviour activities, lying standing number of changing position between lying down and standing up, holding up the tail, turning the head to the side. And These results will be extracted from recorded video sequences with a hidden Markov model to predict carving. And recording this study, It was just published as well.
They were able to, to reach 91% for predicting calving and about 93% for predicting non-calving. However, they didn't use so many animals as well. So The take home message for us that if you are using Wain a thermometer.
At that time, there will be no for Holand because all the time when the Holland exec will be appear in the white China and will be ruptured and this Will push out the thermometer and the thermometer will Sent A message immediately that the, the calving will start. So we examined about 300 cows, 300 calvings, and we had no first alarm. So he him?
I can show you the prevalence rate for stillbirths in case of heifer carbons and cocas. It was less than almost Less than 1.5% .
On the other hand, in the control group, we had about 10%. And again, very important. Here you can see that when At the same farm, the same people who were taking part in the, the calving assistance.
We had the The prevalence rate for retained fertile membranes, less than 10% and in the control group, it was almost 30% or even a little bit higher. And this is the same for clinical mass treaties as well, but In case of the control groups, it was much higher than in the In our Experimental group. So I Next topic is diagnosing, .
Or, dealing with the, the importance of dying of postpartum, you say this is in, in daily calm. We have 3 problems, as I mentioned, clinical metritis, clinical endometritis, subclinical endometritis. And Of course, again, we can measure, the rectal temperature on a, on a daily basis.
We have to make, rectal palpation to find out whether there is some discharge or not, . With the traditional method, we have to check our animals during the 1st 10 days or during the 1st 14 days to diagnose clinical metritism. However, Again, especially large form, it is a little bit difficult, and for that reason, If we have a system for measuring the milk production, this may help us to find out a problem with the cow, and after milking, we can examine this animal for this problem.
Especially if there is a difference of 12% or failure to increase milk yield with a 4% in Napur and 7% with multiple calls during the 1st 20 days after calving. We may measure rumination time, we may measure activity. We can use temperature sensors for measuring temperature, different, .
And by this way, we can This discovered the cause with clinical methods. In case of clinical matter it is again a pro problem, how can we diagnose those COVID had this huge amount of discharge, poor and discharge in a farm? We have to, make, rectal palpation because otherwise we cannot do this.
Not only rectal palpation, we can use vaginoscopy or metric check, cytology. Or has histological diagnosis, that is a question mark because it's not practical to, to make a histological examination. Of course, rectal palpation we may have the The purulent discharge, vaginoscopic And it is very important to, to make the vaginoscopic examination because maybe this purulent discharge cannot be .
During lectile palpation, we cannot force out, from the vagina, so it is very important for the reason to, to check it by vaginoscopy. This is the The metri check and We may diagnose biometric by using ultrasonography. And subclinical random at this we may diagnose as well, but in this case, we have We have to do uterine cytology, uterine, leviage or yo brush technique can be used, maybe it is easier to use the yo brush because uterine leage is a little bit complicated.
So it is much easier to, to use the Tito brush technique and by this way, we have to check the The granulocytes, now trophy, granulocytes And we have to evaluate the numbers. So, It is very important for us to, to diagnose this problem as soon as possible, especially for the clinical matriities because if we are able to, to diagnose it at the beginning, at that time, according to the literature as well, at that time, we may use much less drugs. For the treatment, when, when it is a little bit later already.
So this is the same for clinical and sub-clinical and dermatitis. We have to diagnose it and we have to treat them. The third problem is the Metabolic diseases, it is well known that especially in case of negative energy balance.
Lili is, real, . Be the consequence of this, and non-hier fatty acid will be produced. If this naha will be incompletely oxidised, at that time, ketone bodies will be formed beta hydroxy butyrate oxoate, and oxatonum.
And This will cause A decrease in feed intake as well. And by this way, the Negative energy balance will be greater. And the second problem, not only ketosis, but the second problem can be the fatty liver when the, the triglyceride will be stored in the liver.
So Informed condition, we have to again, monitor the subclinical metapoly. This is is like we have to evaluate the body conditions score. We may use ultra sonography, we may take a blood samples from individual causes and we may use the metabolic profile test as well.
And in the, in the former, the easiest way to evaluate the body conditions score that are different degrees because we have to know that The concentration of nephha and beta hydroxy butyrate will give us I reveal the Reflect the success of adaptation to negative energy balance because the NEA will reflect the magnitude of fat mobilisation and beta hydrox butyrate will reflect the completeness of fat oxidation. Unfortunately, In the, in the, in farm condition. We can measure only the beta hydroxybutyrate because we have already smaller equipments for this, for the, it's not, not yet, but maybe in the future.
So by this way, we can take a blood samples and we can measure the beta hydroxybutyrate on the farm without any problem. A solution, would be the, the diagnosisslinic metabolic. This is on a herd level basis.
This idea is coming from England. Professor was suggested this, and this way, we can evaluate the whole herd and we can change the, the, the food if it is necessary. So, it is very important to mention that subclinical cathosis during the first week.
We'll, definitely. Influenced the, the The development of honest through subclinical catalysis during the 2nd week after After partation will cause a reduction in the probability of pregnancy. Sonar catussis, about 20% of the costs are unable at approximately 60 days, .
After calvin . If there is a, a high enough concentration prepartum at that time, there is a greater chance for honest truth if Nefa is high at at about 3 days after carving, this can be inward associated with pregnancy at first. So, It means that there is a close correlation between the negative energy balance and the fertility.
So we have to prevent this problem. We can measure the room and pH and temperature as I mentioned to you. And by this way, we can .
Evaluate, the, on a farm level, we can evaluate the, the incidence of metabolic acidosis as well. So the take home message for this, part is, we have to monitor the body conditions called beta hydroxybutyrate, neph, ionised calcium, progesterone concentration, and, and, the pH value of, of, rumenum. We may use ultrasonography as well for evaluating the, the, the body conditions for.
We may use sensors for detecting rumination or we may use sensors for activity and by this way, we can diagnose earlier our animals, especially if you are using different sensors and we can diagnose this problem in the former. The next topic, accurate pests detection in the com. It is very important to mention that, It is very important to, to detect the earth through accurately close correlation with 4 fertility, low input of the management and cofactor may take part in this as well, because the duration of Earth truce nowadays can be shorter, less than 12 hours, and it, in this respect, it's a little bit difficult.
To diagnose it. There are different methods how to To diagnose, the easiest way to use the sensors. Again, if you are using 3 different sensors, as I mentioned before, lying time, number of steps, ruminating time, travel distance.
If you are using all sensors, we may reach a 91% accuracy for detecting those truths in our animal. Nowadays, it is very popular to, to use a fixed time artificial insemination because in this case, there is no need for the detection of estrus. There are different methods, for example, pressing 11, of syn G6G method, .
I am working in a, in a manuscript and trying to find out how many, but there are a lot of. But I don't think that this is very important. Of course, it is easier.
For the farmer to follow because at that time, there is no need for us to detect extrusion. The, the next topic important of determining the optimal time for artificial insemination. Correct timing of artificial insemination, it is very important because we have unfound progesterone tests and there are literature data about that about 7 to 22% of of the cases that the progesterone concentration is high when the animal was inseminated.
And for that reason, we have to decrease if this is a problem in our farm at that time, we have to decrease the, the, the, this, and we have different methods how to, how to do it. It is important for us to make the artificial insemination about 12 hours after Uru's detection. That is, some data showing us that duration between the onset and thrus and then, and the overtime ovulation is about 30 hours duration between the onset of first standing suss and the time of evaluation about 28 hours artificial insemination must be done about 12 hours after EU's detection, .
And for that reason, the AMPM rule was introduced into the practise, but if heat detection is accurate, insemination technique is good and some semen fertility is high in the farm at that time, it is enough to do artificial insemination once a day. And we have already this EMPM room is coming from the early 50s, . But nowadays, we have the GNRH as well, so we can stimulate the ovulation earlier if you are using GNRH.
So, we may, decrease the problem, with the ultrasonographic examination if we are doing it before insemination, we may use the on-arm meal progesterone test, or inline progesterone measurement. It is a possibility already. On-farm heat detection kits for detecting lactofein in cervical mucus.
This is a new technique measuring electric resistance of vaginal fluid, this may help us again, to, Find out Whether the S2 sign was correct or not. So we examined the this problem in our, farm conditions, and it turned out that after artificial insemination, If ovulation occurred before artificial insemination at that time, about 30% of the animals became pregnant. If ovulation occurred between the insemination, 20, within 24 hours at that time, we reached 50%.
If it was between 24 to 48 hours, at that time, it was somewhat less. But when the duration was longer until ovulation, more than 48 hours at that time, the, the pregnancy rate was close to 10%. So in this respect, it is very important for us to To check whether ovulation will be.
Will occur or not. This is another study showing us that we use the PGF2 alpha to induce firsttrus and then the second group for without treatment and we could get the same results, . When ovulation occurred after after artificial insemination, but within 24 hours.
At that time, we were able to reach a higher than 60% pregnancy rate and after this was decreased. So the take home message for us is if artificial insemination based on us with detection, we have to make the ultrasonographic insemination or we have to measure the progesterone concentration of the farmer. It is very important to make the artificial insementation before ovulation.
If ovulation will occur after 48 hours, we may, inseminate our animals, but we have to find out whether this is a good idea or not. I couldn't find any data in this respect. My last, topic, I, I try to be quicker, the importance of diagnosing pregnancy and pregnancy loss in daily.
Nowadays, we can use ultrasonography, we can use 5 to 75 or even a higher transducer, linear array or sector transducer, . However, it is very important, . To use a, a good one.
We can see the concept was already at the beginning, the between days 11 to 12. In this case can be round about 73% of the cases and Late and about 30% oblong. Between days 16, we can find it one uterine horn and between days 19 to 20, both uterine horn.
However, most of the cases in farm conditions, we cannot see too much. And, and of course cannot measure we can find most of the cases on day 25 . Especially in half, later on, of course, we can measure it.
This, figure trying to show us the 1st, 1st detection of the heartbeat, . And it turned out that most of the cases we can do it around the day 2021 . Different, pictures, .
There is, if we are using just recognition of fluids in the uterus, we have to know that, even during Girtrus, there are some fluid in the uterus. So it is better nowadays to check the embryo itself as well. We used the 5 megahertz transfu and found out that it can be accurate between 26 to 36 days after artificial insemination.
I liked very much the sector transducer because I just followed the, the uterine horn and made the, the transverser planes and it went very quickly and by this way, . I was able to reach a a very good accuracy after run days 30. And the In this study, We tried to compare those results when I was able to find the embryo and just the fluid and it turned out that the accuracy on days 23 after artificial insemination was higher when only the, the, the fluid was detected.
And it is also very important to mention that if the uterus can be found just in front of the pelvic inlet, we may have more mistakes . And for that reason, it is very important for us to, to check these cases carefully. So the accuracy of ultrasonographic depending on the frequency of the transducer used the skill of the surgeon, criteria used for a positive pregnancy, diagnosisolonic fluid versus embryo, the position of the uterus in the pelvic inlet.
These are, after all, very important. The advantage of ultrasonographic examination, there's a specific because we can, we can see a, a leaf embryo with the heartbeat. We can make an immediate diagnosis, even we can diagnose the embryonic lo we can determine the fertile gender, we can measure the, the, the size of the, the foetus.
The disadvantage of ultrasonograph is that it can be accurate after day 26 in, in Hay first and after day 29 in cos other disadvantage not known. And there are some pregnancy proteins as well. I just, giving quickly showing you that, the pregnancy proteins are produced by the binucleate cells.
And there are two proteins, . Which is called as pregnancy associated glycoprotein and pregnancy-specific protein B. The last one was discovered in the US and the, the first one was discovered in, in Belgium.
They are very similar. And the advantage of the pregnancy pertains then this can be specific because only the pregnant animals can produce. The disadvantage of this test is that accurate from about day 30.
On the other hand, there is a long half life after carving. So by this way, . We cannot, use this protein test, .
Within 10, about 100 days after calving, there is a long half life after embryonic mortality as well. Especially in the form of time there was only radio immuno acid tests, but nowadays that are on farm tests as well. So, there is a BI LISA test.
This is coming from the US DG 29 test, . I test, bovine pregnancy, LISO test, new pregnancy test, rapid visual pregnancy LISA test, and the sensitivity is quite good, 98%, but It is very important to mention here that we can, We may have accurate detection after 20 days, 28 days after artificial insemination. And there will be no interference from day 60 after carving in this test, but there are different tests and, and we have to check it.
So, and the accuracy can be, the overall accuracy can be 92% in this case. So the take home message is We can do the early pregnancy diagnosis around day 30. And we have to repeat our test diagnosed on day 60 and day 90 to find out whether embryonic mortality occurred or not.
Because, about 10% of cases used to occur early fatal mortality, especially after day 42, we are talking about early fatal mortality. And I just I would like to mention that we are preparing a bovine, prenatal, perinatal and neonatal medicine, book, dealing with, mainly from, after from fertilisation until weaning, just, would like to mention to you. So, thank you very much for your kind, .
Attention. Thank you, Doctor Otto for this amazing presentation. I have a question for you, so how important is to evaluate feeding and rumination behaviour in cows during the peripartum period?
In which respect? Because, by this way, if we are, are trying to evaluate this, especially from this data, we can, predict the carving. And by this way, it is not necessary for us to stay in the bar.
So, after all, this is the main issue before carving to predict carving. And after carving, to predict the problem with the animals. Because if there are some problems that especially the rumination time will be decreased, at that time, we have to examine these animals for any kind of metabolic disorders or any kind of uterine disorders because in both cases, it will be decreased.
So this can help us. And by this way, we can diagnose earlier than in, in a huge group and And my colleague from Ireland used to say that the farm blindness is a real problem. So we have to discover these animals in time.
So in this respect, the sensors will help us, especially In the next years, the accuracy of the sensors and the, and the messages, what these sensors can send us will be more accurate than today. So, and this development is going unbelievable, very fast. OK.
Thank you very much. And another question is, you talked about dystopia prevalence. So what advice can you give us to reduce this prevalence?
Oh, that's a, that's a very, very good question. After all, there are 2 things. The first thing that we have to make the obstetrical assistance correctly.
I tried to show you some slides about that if we are not waiting for the right moment to make the obstetricro system at that time, we can cause this tosia and cause a lot of different problems. This is one problem. Whether We can decrease this problem when we are using a huge amount of obstetric lubricants.
Because there are some studies, especially coming from the US and Canada. Showing us that if we are using obstetrical assistance, we can do the, the, the obstetric assistance earlier than Because we used to say that the best time to make the obstetric O stands about 70 minutes after opening the amniotic sac. Not earlier, but if you are using a huge amount of lubricants at that time, there is no problem at all.
And we can decrease this problem. The second problem when there is a, a real dystopia, which means that the, the calf is heavier than a normal calves, even there is a possibility for us. To measure the diameter of the leg before carving.
And we may predict whether we may have a real dystopia. Because of this. And in this case, we may Induce carving.
Some days before expected calving. And at that time, if you are doing this induction, About 5 days or 7 days before at that time, we have no problems. But however, we are doing 2 weeks before the expected calving at that time, it's not a good idea to do it.
But even we can use prostaglandin and glucocorticoids together because the glucocorticoids can stimulate the surfa and production of the fertile lungs. And by this way, we can save the, the life of the, the foetus without any problem. But it is better to wait, .
Until the, the normal calving period. Because some cases The duration of of gas station could be lengthened. Can be 300 days as well.
So 2, 90 days, 300 days or something like that. But in this case, we can use this induction and we can decrease the problem. OK.
Perfect. So thank you very much all for watching and thank you again, Doctor Otto. See you in another webinar.
Thank you. Thank you very much. Bye-bye.