In a timely and informative session, John shed light on the growing concern of the Asian hornet (Vespa velutina) and its potential impact on the UK’s ecosystems and agriculture. First identified in south-west France in 2004, this invasive species—also known as the yellow-legged hornet—has since spread rapidly across Europe, with confirmed sightings in the Channel Islands and now, worryingly, parts of southern England.

Understanding the Biology and Behaviour

John began by exploring the biology and behaviour of the Asian hornet, emphasising its adaptability and efficiency as a predator. A key concern lies in its impact on honeybee populations, as hornets capture bees mid-flight, feeding their larvae with bee thoraxes. This predation has contributed to the decline of honeybee colonies and a marked reduction in honey production, particularly in affected areas of France.

Nest Construction and Life Cycle

The session delved into the nesting habits of the hornet, describing how queens survive through winter and begin building small primary nests, eventually expanding to larger, more complex structures. John discussed the biological intricacies, including the use of parthenogenesis (asexual reproduction) and the queen’s production of unfertilised male eggs. He highlighted the summer boom in colony size and the subsequent autumnal die-off, leaving only the mated queens to hibernate and repeat the cycle.

Impact and Challenges

The hornet's spread poses not only an environmental threat but also a public health risk, due to its painful sting and aggressive behaviour. John outlined the limited natural controls, noting that while some species—like the eastern honeybee—have evolved defences such as heating hornets to death, European bees remain largely defenceless.

Trapping, while essential, brings its own challenges. Bycatch—the accidental trapping of beneficial pollinators—remains a major issue, although advancements in trap design offer some hope. John also addressed the even more dangerous giant Asian hornet, which can devastate entire hives in minutes and poses a serious threat to humans.

What Can Beekeepers Do?

Beekeepers play a crucial role in early detection and response. John encouraged the use of monitoring traps, proper species identification, and prompt reporting through official channels to help manage the spread. Public awareness and community involvement are essential in mitigating the risks posed by this invasive species.

This webinar served as an important reminder of the interconnectedness of species and the vital role pollinators play in agriculture and biodiversity. As the Asian hornet edges further into the UK, it’s clear that vigilance, education, and swift action will be key in managing its threat.