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Lung Cancer in Cats: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Lung cancer in cats is a relatively rare but serious condition that can significantly impact a feline’s quality of life. While it is more commonly seen in older cats, recognising the signs early can help improve prognosis and treatment outcomes. In this blog, we will explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for lung cancer in cats.

Can Cats Get Lung Cancer?

Yes, cats can develop lung cancer, though it is less common compared to other feline cancers. Lung tumours can be primary, meaning they originate in the lungs, or secondary (metastatic), meaning cancer has spread to the lungs from another part of the body. Primary lung cancer, such as bronchogenic carcinoma, is rare but aggressive, while secondary lung tumours are more frequent due to metastasis from other organs.

What Causes Lung Cancer in Cats?

The exact cause of lung cancer in cats remains unclear, but several factors may increase the risk:

  • Age: Older cats (typically over 10 years) are more prone to developing lung tumours.

  • Environmental Factors: Exposure to second-hand smoke, air pollution, and household chemicals may contribute to the development of lung cancer.

  • Genetics: Certain breeds may have a predisposition, though no strong breed-specific link has been identified.

  • Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV) and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV): While these viruses are not directly linked to lung cancer, they weaken the immune system, making cats more susceptible to cancers in general.

Symptoms of Lung Cancer in Cats

Lung cancer can be challenging to detect early, as symptoms may be subtle or mistaken for other respiratory conditions. Some common signs include:

  • Persistent cough (which may or may not produce mucus)

  • Laboured or rapid breathing (dyspnoea)

  • Lethargy and weakness

  • Loss of appetite and weight loss

  • Lameness or limping (caused by hypertrophic osteopathy, a rare condition linked to lung tumours)

  • Coughing up blood (haemoptysis)

Notably, many cats with lung cancer do not develop a cough, making diagnosis more difficult.

How Is Lung Cancer Diagnosed?

If a vet suspects lung cancer, several diagnostic tests may be recommended:

  • X-rays (Radiographs): The first step in identifying lung tumours, though they may not always detect small or hidden masses.

  • CT Scans: Provide a more detailed image of the lungs and surrounding tissues.

  • Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) or Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue may be taken to confirm cancerous cells.

  • Bronchoscopy: Involves inserting a small camera into the airways to assess tumours and collect samples.

  • Blood Tests: While they cannot diagnose lung cancer directly, they help assess overall health and rule out other conditions.

Treatment Options for Lung Cancer in Cats

Treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer, as well as the cat’s overall health.

Surgery

If the tumour is small, localised, and has not metastasised, surgical removal of the affected lung lobe (lung lobectomy) may be an option. Cats that undergo surgery for single, non-metastatic tumours often have the best prognosis.

Chemotherapy

For cases where surgery is not possible, or if cancer has spread, chemotherapy may be used to slow tumour growth. However, lung cancers often respond poorly to chemotherapy, and the focus may shift to palliative care.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation may be used in certain cases, particularly for tumours that cannot be removed surgically or are causing severe symptoms.

Palliative Care

For cats with advanced lung cancer, treatment focuses on improving comfort and quality of life. This may include pain relief, oxygen therapy, anti-inflammatory drugs, and appetite stimulants.

Prognosis: What to Expect

The prognosis for lung cancer in cats varies based on factors like tumour type, size, metastasis, and overall health. Cats that undergo successful tumour removal may live a year or more post-surgery. However, if cancer has spread, survival time is often limited to a few months despite treatment.

Can Lung Cancer Be Prevented?

While there is no guaranteed way to prevent lung cancer in cats, some steps may help reduce risk:

  • Avoid exposure to cigarette smoke and environmental pollutants.

  • Maintain regular veterinary check-ups to catch early signs of illness.

  • Ensure a healthy diet and lifestyle to support overall feline well-being.

Final Thoughts

Lung cancer in cats is a serious but manageable condition if caught early. Understanding the symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment options can help veterinarians and pet owners provide the best possible care. If a cat presents with respiratory distress, unexplained weight loss, or persistent coughing, prompt veterinary assessment is crucial.

For more veterinary insights and CPD opportunities, stay connected with The Webinar Vet for the latest in feline medicine.

References:

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and Animal Cancer – Imatinib, Palladia, Masivet and Beyond

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