Blood sampling in exotic species presents unique challenges that require a thorough understanding of anatomy, physiology, and patient-specific needs. In this webinar, Tawny provides an in-depth discussion on blood sampling techniques across a range of exotic species, from small mammals to reptiles and birds.

Calculating Blood Volume in Exotics

One of the key considerations when taking blood from exotic species is ensuring that the volume collected is safe for the animal. Tawny emphasises that the maximum recommended blood sample is 10% of the circulating blood volume, which can be estimated as 1% of the animal’s body weight. This is particularly crucial for small species such as guinea pigs, rabbits, and birds, which may already be compromised by illness. To minimise risk, Tawny recommends using smaller blood tubes to ensure that only the necessary amount of blood is taken.

Blood Sampling Techniques in Rabbits

Rabbits require careful handling and knowledge of anatomical structures to avoid complications during blood collection. Tawny discusses various venipuncture sites, including the lateral ear vein, lateral saphenous vein, cephalic vein, and jugular vein. While each method has its own advantages, the risks must also be considered. For instance, the jugular vein should be used with caution due to the potential risk of ocular proptosis. Tawny advises against using the auricular artery due to the possibility of excessive blood loss and ear tip necrosis.

Small Mammals: Handling and Venipuncture Sites

Blood sampling in small mammals such as rats, mice, ferrets, and guinea pigs requires sedation or anaesthesia to reduce stress and prevent injury. Tawny explains that the lateral tail vein is commonly used in rats and mice, while the cranial vena cava or jugular vein is preferred for hamsters, ferrets, and chinchillas. The cephalic and lateral saphenous veins can also be used in guinea pigs and chinchillas, though their delicate skin requires extra caution.

Sedation vs. Anaesthesia in Exotic Species

Tawny explores the benefits and risks of sedation versus gaseous anaesthesia when collecting blood samples. She recommends sedation for better control and to reduce staff exposure to anaesthetic gases. When gaseous anaesthesia is necessary, Sevoflurane is preferred over Isoflurane due to its lower odour and reduced likelihood of breath-holding. The webinar also covers advanced techniques such as placing lateral tail vein catheters in rats and medial saphenous IVs in hedgehogs, stressing the importance of practice and precision.

Blood Sampling in Birds

Blood collection in birds requires species-specific considerations to ensure safe and effective sampling. Tawny highlights the importance of avoiding restriction of the keel during restraint, as this can lead to suffocation. Common venipuncture sites include the jugular vein, medial metatarsal vein, and brachial wing vein. Special care must be taken with the brachial wing vein to prevent haematoma formation. Tawny also discusses catheterisation in birds and the challenges of maintaining venous integrity, particularly in dehydrated patients.

Reptile Blood Sampling: Key Considerations

Reptiles require specialised handling techniques to ensure a safe and stress-free experience. Tawny explains the importance of skin preparation with iodine and discusses various blood collection sites, including the ventral tail vein, palatine vein (only under sedation or anaesthesia), and jugular vein (requiring a cut-down technique). She also warns of the risks of autonomy in certain lizard species and emphasises the importance of minimising stress during the procedure.

Blood Sampling in Tortoises, Turtles, and Primates

For chelonians such as tortoises and turtles, the left jugular vein is the preferred site for blood collection, with alternative sites including the subcarapacial sinus and dorsal coccygeal sinus. Tawny notes that while the brachial vein can be used in larger species, it presents challenges in terms of restraint.

In primates, blood can be collected from the jugular vein, cephalic vein, ventral tail vein, or femoral vein, depending on the species and size of the patient. Tawny shares a fascinating anecdote about a cotton-top marmoset, illustrating the importance of adapting techniques to individual cases.

Minimising Stress and Improving Patient Cooperation

Handling exotic species for blood sampling can be stressful for both the animal and the veterinary team. Tawny stresses the importance of minimising handling time and using positive reinforcement techniques where possible. Understanding the unique needs of each species is key to ensuring a smoother, less stressful experience for the patient.

Conclusion

This webinar offers an invaluable opportunity for veterinary professionals to deepen their knowledge of blood sampling techniques in exotic species. With expert guidance from Tawny, attendees will gain practical insights into species-specific best practices, ensuring safer and more effective blood collection for their exotic patients.

Don’t miss this essential learning opportunity—watch it now to refine your skills in exotic animal care!